生活

无人之境——青海星空拍摄之旅:废墟里看银河

在残垣断壁里搭帐篷,头顶就是绚烂的星空

在冷湖四号基地故障后,我决定修车。冷湖地区的油田和建筑形成了独特的小城历史,其中四号基地是核心,五号及其他基地也有各自功能。旅行中遇到的困难包括缺火机做饭,最终通过巧遇解决。在探索废墟和拍摄夜空后,我们期待新的探险。

  1. #冷湖四号基地
  2. #冷湖油田
  3. #石油小镇
  4. #废墟探险
  5. #露营
  6. #火星公路

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A desolate, dilapidated building with a large window and a small door stands in a barren desert landscape, with the Milky Way and the night sky filled with stars.A desolate, dilapidated building with a large window and a small door stands in a barren desert landscape, with the Milky Way and the night sky filled with stars.

冷湖四号基地

在老茫崖停车后,我发现前保险杠后面有一根管子垂了下来,在联系租车行后告知我去修理厂。而最近的修理厂应该在我们即将要去的冷湖镇(四号)。

其他人没有我对这些工矿小城的感情,所以也就懒得了解这些地方曾经的历史。绝大多数人不知道冷湖的几个废墟在当时分别叫什么,甚至还会将其跟阿克塞老县城、玉门老城混为一谈。

btw,阿克塞老县城博罗转井现在发展旅游打了个“石油小镇”的名头,但这里跟石油没有任何关系。冷湖才是真正的石油小镇。

根据《冷湖镇志》当年存在以下定居点:

  • 冷湖四号:因处于四号石油构造带上而得名,为冷湖镇政府所在地和青海石油管理局(注:后迁花土沟)驻地。地理坐标为东经93°23’,北纬38°48’,海拔2783米,镇区面积2.1平方公里,一条全长2.1公里的团结路由东南向西北贯穿镇区。在团结路的西面分布有镇人民政府办公大楼、工商银行大楼、冷湖宾馆大楼和冷湖公路段大楼以及冷湖邮电局、公安局、盐业公司、武警中队、冷湖影剧院。团结路的东面分布有商业大楼、石油局第一招待所大楼、建设银行大楼、石油局礼堂、石油报社、工人文化宫和冷湖电视台等单位。镇区有兴湖路、建设路、盐化路、市场街等街道。至1990年底,镇区人口6235人。1955年时还是一片戈壁滩,西依连绵沙丘,东望赛什腾山。1956年石油勘探大队进驻四号找油,地方一些服务单位也相继来到四号设点,从而形成一座帐篷城市。1958年以后修建了大量的土木结构房屋,80年代前后建起了一批楼房,铺设了黑色路面,逐渐形成了规模。

  • 冷湖五号:位于冷湖油田五号构造带上,故而得名。在冷湖四号东南,距四号15公里,是石油管理局的采油、钻井和炼油基地,水电厂也设在这里。五号只有一条东西方向的街道,全长约2.5公里,商店、银行和影院都设在这条街上。镇区的形成始于1957年,1958年以后修土木结构的宿舍和办公室,80年代前后才修建了少量的砖木结构房屋,但始终未修建一座楼房。镇区面积约2.5平方公里,1990年人口为7700人。

  • 老基地:是石油管理局最早建立的基地,故而得名。位于四号以北方向,距四号11公里。这里是石油管理局的机修、汽修和汽车运输基地,始建于1956年春,在1958年前也是一座帐篷城。1958年以后陆续修建了一批土木结构房屋,70年以后才修建了一批砖木结构的办公室和宿舍区,1982年机修厂盖起了办公楼。老基地有东西方向和南北方向的两条街道,设有商店、银行、粮站、邮局和影院,镇区面积约1.2平方公里,1990年人口5525人。

  • 冷湖三号:位于冷湖油田三号构造带上,故名。在四号以西,距四号8公里。这里只有一个采油队,1990年有人口200人。

  • 昆特依:位于昆特依盐湖北岸,冷湖四号西北方向,距四号58公里。冷湖昆特依盐场设在这里,生产季节有人口200余人。

  • 深八井:位于冷湖四号和五号的中间地带,距四号6公里。这里既是冷湖地区的建材生产基地又是石油管理局的一个采油区,冷湖建材厂的砖窑和石油管理局的砖窑都设在这里。

  • 丁字口:位于当茫公路和茶冷公路交汇处,形似丁字,故名。在四号以北,距四号22公里。60年代时在这里曾设有商店、饭馆、邮电所、交通管理站、石棉矿食宿站和地质队食宿站。到80年代只剩下茫崖石棉矿食宿站和地质部门食宿站两家,有人口50余人。

  • 水源:位于冷湖四号以北,距四号18公里。这里处于奎屯诺尔湖北岸山前平原潜水丰富区,石油管理局水电厂在这里打机井8口,用管道输往冷湖三区,是冷湖地区的供水基地。

结合坐标和相对距离,加上卫星上依稀可见的痕迹,除了冷湖三号并不确定。其他地方都能找到具体位置:

A satellite view of a sandy landscape with a few blue dots indicating areas of interest.A satellite view of a sandy landscape with a few blue dots indicating areas of interest.
冷湖数个曾经的居民点分布图

四号即现在的冷湖镇,也是唯一还有人定居的地方。废墟有两部分,一个是冷湖镇向北往敦煌方向10公里处左侧的老基地;另一个是沿火星公里至7公里时的五号基地。

更多图片见:冷湖四号基地

我们到冷湖镇后先是找了个修车厂,捆了一下我们的管子,然后就往镇的北边进发。目的地是最近在小红书火起来的黑独山,又叫黑戈壁,顺便去老基地看一下。

冷湖老基地

老基地因为就在G215旁,去的人最多,破坏也最严重。部分墙面上有大量涂鸦,保护力度与昨天去的石棉矿形成鲜明对比。

A desert landscape with snow-capped mountains in the background, a dirt road, and a few buildings with straw roofs, with wind turbines in the distance.A desert landscape with snow-capped mountains in the background, a dirt road, and a few buildings with straw roofs, with wind turbines in the distance.
An aerial view of a vast, barren desert landscape with scattered dirt patches and mountains in the distance.An aerial view of a vast, barren desert landscape with scattered dirt patches and mountains in the distance.

更多图片见:冷湖老基地

老基地游客最多,不仅有我们在海西到处都能看到的冰淇淋车,竟然还有几条野狗,也不知道是怎么活下来的:

A German Shepherd stands in a barren desert, gazing at the camera, with a broken ancient structure in the background.A German Shepherd stands in a barren desert, gazing at the camera, with a broken ancient structure in the background.

从老基地出来后想去黑戈壁看看,老基地出口的马路对面就有一道车辙通向戈壁深处。我开下去走了不到1公里,感觉这路况不是我这车能驾驭的了的,便找了个斜坡回到公路上。路上也有若干小道通向黑戈壁,都被土堆阻挡,并立有牌子禁止穿越,旁边还有不服气的车辙,看起来只有陆巡这种车才能驾驭。我们这破车就不凑这热闹了。

天还早,我们就没在冷湖镇吃饭,打算直接去五号基地扎完营再吃。于是回头再次经过冷湖镇,向南来到火星公路起点。

A white sign with red text on a white post in a desert-like environment.A white sign with red text on a white post in a desert-like environment.

如果你在网上搜索火星一号公路的信息可能会被那些吹牛逼的人吓到,他们会告诉你,这条公路没有越野车、没有沙地驾驶经验不要进去。但我就在刚进入这条路的时候遇到一辆轿车,拦下来后得知他们今天从西台吉乃尔湖出发,走完了火星一号公路,晚上还要去敦煌住宿。

可见不管之前这条路的路况有多糟,至少在2021年6月以后,是连轿车都能走的。

但能走不意味着容易走。这条路是名副其实的搓板路,以至于路两旁有大量平行的车辙,证明哪怕是路基旁的砂石路也比这个搓板路要好走。

寻找过夜的地方

大约过了7公里的路碑,五号基地就到了。我们先沿着那条唯一的柏油路向前开,看了看大致情况,决定先停车,分头寻找扎营地点。

冷湖五号基地大致分成两个区域,加起来比老基地和四号要大得多。

A desolate desert landscape with sand dunes, a white building with arches, and a cloudy sky.A desolate desert landscape with sand dunes, a white building with arches, and a cloudy sky.
A desolate desert landscape with crumbling white buildings and debris scattered around, with a cloudy sky overhead.A desolate desert landscape with crumbling white buildings and debris scattered around, with a cloudy sky overhead.
An aerial view of an ancient city, composed of rectangular structures with multiple levels, surrounded by sandy terrain and a river, exudes a sense of history and resilience.An aerial view of an ancient city, composed of rectangular structures with multiple levels, surrounded by sandy terrain and a river, exudes a sense of history and resilience.
An old, dilapidated building in a desert landscape, with a broken wall and Chinese characters on it, surrounded by sand and debris.An old, dilapidated building in a desert landscape, with a broken wall and Chinese characters on it, surrounded by sand and debris.
A desolate desert landscape with a long, dilapidated building in the center, surrounded by a sandy field and a blue sky with clouds.A desolate desert landscape with a long, dilapidated building in the center, surrounded by a sandy field and a blue sky with clouds.

更多图片见:冷湖五号基地

原先想着找一个房屋,最好三面墙壁完好,晚上就不会有风。到了现场才发现房子好找,平地不好找。里面要么被沙子吞噬,要么是碎酒瓶。好在最终还是找到一处地方,清理出地面,勉强能扎帐篷。

卸下提前在网上租好并寄到格尔木的帐篷,我傻眼了。

这个捆扎带我们解不开啊。当然可以毁掉装帐篷的麻袋,但装起来就比较麻烦了。

回顾四周,附近还有几辆游玩的车,果断拦下一辆房车,借来了水果刀割开捆扎带。最终把帐篷搭了起来。

Two yellow tents are set up in front of an old, dilapidated building with arched windows and a stone wall.Two yellow tents are set up in front of an old, dilapidated building with arched windows and a stone wall.

在清理地面的时候还发现了被沙子覆盖的书:

A torn, faded newspaper lies on the ground, surrounded by debris and dirt, with a small stick nearby.A torn, faded newspaper lies on the ground, surrounded by debris and dirt, with a small stick nearby.
十三大,那这本书的时间应该是在87年后,93年之前。
A torn, dirty newspaper lies on the ground, surrounded by dirt and rocks.A torn, dirty newspaper lies on the ground, surrounded by dirt and rocks.

幸运火种

搭好帐篷,拿出炉头、气罐,接好,准备煮常德米粉。

这个……原来炉头不能自动点火啊!

“你们有打火机吗?”我问。

有就怪了,我们下了飞机,又没人抽烟,不可能带火的。

这就尴尬了。在这荒郊野外,这一顿加上明早,我们难道就吃零食和黄瓜?

还是中止露营计划,当即回到冷湖镇?

正在我犹豫的时候,一阵嗡嗡声传来,一时间我都不确定是不是今天听多了无人机声音产生的幻觉。

但是我抬头找了找,真的有无人机!有人就可能有火!

我立即追着无人机跑了出去,跑了几百米到火星公路上,发现有辆车停着,旁边是小两口。

“你好,你们有打火机吗?

”“没有,我们不抽烟。”女人回答。

完了,今天真的吃不着饭了。

“等会,我们好像有火柴,我找找。”女人说。

过了一会她翻出一盒宾馆送的火柴,还是天水的酒店,看来是好几天前拿的。

不抽烟还顺火柴,这不就是为我们准备的吗?谢过女人后跟他们简单交流了一下,原来他们要去黑戈壁。

正如前文所说,黑戈壁在冷湖镇北方,老基地对面。而这里是冷湖镇南方,是五号基地。

如果他们不顺手拿走火柴,如果他们没有走错方向,如果他们没有飞无人机让我看到……任何一环都是巧合,最终让我们在这片废墟中有了热米粉吃。

规模巨大的冷湖五号基地

吃完粉赶紧飞起无人机侦查一下,发现五号基地是冷湖几个定居点中面积最大的,比现存的冷湖镇还要大。

An aerial view of a desert city with ruins, a large building, and a hill in the distance.An aerial view of a desert city with ruins, a large building, and a hill in the distance.
An aerial view of a desert landscape with a large grid of buildings and structures, possibly a settlement or a large market, surrounded by sandy dunes.An aerial view of a desert landscape with a large grid of buildings and structures, possibly a settlement or a large market, surrounded by sandy dunes.
An aerial view of a desert settlement with numerous mud brick buildings, arranged in rows and columns, surrounded by a vast desert landscape.An aerial view of a desert settlement with numerous mud brick buildings, arranged in rows and columns, surrounded by a vast desert landscape.
An aerial view of a desolate, old town in a desert landscape, with buildings in ruins and a vast expanse of sandy terrain.An aerial view of a desolate, old town in a desert landscape, with buildings in ruins and a vast expanse of sandy terrain.

星空下的废墟

飞完以后最后一辆车也走了,只剩下彻底的寂静,只有风声,接下来就是等待天黑了。

在离扎帐篷的地方不远处我找到了曾经的工商银行所在地,废墟大多是相似的平房,这种标志性的“大楼”正是绝佳的前景。

An old, dilapidated building with a broken roof and a large window is surrounded by debris and a pile of wood. The sky is filled with clouds, and the ground is barren and rocky.An old, dilapidated building with a broken roof and a large window is surrounded by debris and a pile of wood. The sky is filled with clouds, and the ground is barren and rocky.
A dilapidated, weathered building with a broken window and a collapsed wall stands on a sandy beach, surrounded by debris and rubble. The sky is a deep blue with a few clouds, and the ocean is visible in the distance.A dilapidated, weathered building with a broken window and a collapsed wall stands on a sandy beach, surrounded by debris and rubble. The sky is a deep blue with a few clouds, and the ocean is visible in the distance.

幸运之神再次眷顾。这段时间海西州上空被云层笼罩,即便是下午在没多远的老基地,天上也有很多云,虽然不至于完全看不到星星,但银河肯定是看不到的。

A white car is parked on a dirt road, illuminated by its headlights, with a building in the background and a bright orange moon in the sky.A white car is parked on a dirt road, illuminated by its headlights, with a building in the background and a bright orange moon in the sky.

而到了晚上,天空大部分云层消散,只在地平线附近有较浓厚的云层。出发前我去租了个适马20mm 1.4的镜头,就是为了今天拍星空而准备的。可以说整个行程我最期待的就是这一刻。

放好三脚架,光圈1.6,ISO3200,对焦到最亮的星星,快门15秒,开拍!

A desolate, dilapidated building with a large window and a small door stands in a barren desert landscape, with the Milky Way and the night sky filled with stars.A desolate, dilapidated building with a large window and a small door stands in a barren desert landscape, with the Milky Way and the night sky filled with stars.
A dark, dusty road stretches into the night, with ruins and debris scattered along its sides. The sky is filled with stars, and the Milky Way stretches across the horizon. The image is taken from a low angle, emphasizing the vastness of the sky and the ruins.A dark, dusty road stretches into the night, with ruins and debris scattered along its sides. The sky is filled with stars, and the Milky Way stretches across the horizon. The image is taken from a low angle, emphasizing the vastness of the sky and the ruins.
A night scene with a starry sky, a shooting star, and a line of abandoned buildings in the foreground.A night scene with a starry sky, a shooting star, and a line of abandoned buildings in the foreground.
An old, dilapidated building with a starry sky, surrounded by a barren desert landscape.An old, dilapidated building with a starry sky, surrounded by a barren desert landscape.

这个场景我想过无数次,出发前还特意买了荧光棒。

A person stands in front of an old, dilapidated building under a starry night sky.A person stands in front of an old, dilapidated building under a starry night sky.

再来一个光绘。

A solitary figure stands in front of an abandoned building, illuminated by a bright light, with a vast expanse of the night sky filled with stars.A solitary figure stands in front of an abandoned building, illuminated by a bright light, with a vast expanse of the night sky filled with stars.

不知道是不是App的问题,银河的方位和角度有所偏差,快到午夜时分才拍到比较明显的银河。

A night scene with a starry sky, a bright light illuminating a small structure, and a bright light illuminating a small structure in the foreground.A night scene with a starry sky, a bright light illuminating a small structure, and a bright light illuminating a small structure in the foreground.

同行的其他三人没有相机,也没有拍银河的执念,被戈壁的冷风吹回帐篷里。因为我拍到了比较满意的图片,也就没有继续按照原计划拍摄更多图片了。

回到帐篷附近,打算再拍几张,这时候我发现,我们可能不是唯一在这露营的人!

因为远处隐隐约约有亮光移动,隐隐约约。

我对准亮光,15秒曝光拍摄了一下。

是一条光带!

果然是移动的光源!他们是游客吗?最好是游客。不然在这个荒无人烟的地方,我们一男三女肯定干不过几个男人。

这种心理很奇怪,在白天遇到其他人,我还挺激动,因为不会让我有离人类社会太远的感觉。晚上遇到人,就会有点害怕,有“你别过来啊”的心理。

怀着隐隐的担心,我钻进帐篷。好在一夜无事,连风都没有。

谁能想到最大的挑战会在明天一早到来。